The Scheduled batch job information internally stored in CornTrigger object in salesforce.
Ex: let as assume you scheduled the batch job using System.schedule(jobName, cronExp, schedulable) method it returns the CornTrigger record Id.
Query the information based on record Id and use the System.abortJob(cornTriggerId); method to abort the scheduled job.
Ex: let as assume you scheduled the batch job using System.schedule(jobName, cronExp, schedulable) method it returns the CornTrigger record Id.
String strCornExp = '0 38 * * * ?';
Id cornId = System.schedule('Test Job', strCornExp, new ScheduleJob());
Query the information based on record Id and use the System.abortJob(cornTriggerId); method to abort the scheduled job.
CronTrigger obj = [SELECT Id, CronJobDetail.Name, CronJobDetail.Id,State FROM CronTrigger where CronJobDetail.Name = 'Test Job'];
System.abortJob(obj.Id);